MODERNITY AND MODERNISM
1. JOHN RUSKIN (1819 - 1900) critic - Modern Painters
- modern used as a synonym for contemp.
2. WILLIAM HUNT
- type of art/colour shocking and new
- today this painting doesn't represent modernity at all
- old fashioned morals also shown
3.
- modern doesn't just mean up to date
- carries a value judgement, an automatic improvement of what's happened before
- new woman vs old woman
- improved progressive art...consumer culture relies on this
4. PARIS 1900 - the sight of modernity
- most radical city on planet, most modern, urban life
- process of modernity 1750 to 60s
- industrialisation
- urbanisation (life speeds up, world "shrinks")
- trains, phones, increased density of people, new distractions, new forms of vice, electricity
- TROTTOUR ROULANT, Paris exposition, electrical moving walkway, access world and city, interact in new ways
- world invited, new technology, new fashion, new inventions
- brings new tech. that changes relationship with society
5. GREAT EXHIBITION 1851, PARIS EXPOSITION 1855, cultural race for supremity
- process of rationality and reason
- enlightenment, world starts to turn to modern forms of knowledge instead of traditional (religion etc) (modern = science, become a secular society)
6. THE CITY
- hub of social life, where everything happens, becomes a character itself, an object of study
- eiffel tower, Parisian modernity...people overwhelmed by pace of change
7. RAILWAYS
- countries have to agree on standardised world time
- increase of pop. brings increase in loneliness and isolation
- fashion starts to become key identifier, have to find ways to express yourself
...HAUSSMANISATION
- Paris 1850s onwards = New Paris
- Haussman redesigns Paris
- large boulevards = easier to police = form of social control
- W.C pushed out to suburbs, centre = M.C AND U.C zone
- Caullebotte, artists turn attention on city as subject for their art
- city becomes relevant and acceptable
- experience of city, experience of modernity
- paint individuals subjective responses to urban experiences
8. PSYCHOLOGY (labs)
- why mind works in certain ways
- think modernity may send people mad
- MANET, makes them think about their art...the modern family emotionally v. distant
- forced art into a diff. place
- society modernises art
9. FASHION
- showing off your finery
- so many people its the only way to communicate
- display yourself to everyone
= poor v rich
10. SEURAT, modern scenes, pointillism, informed by development in scenes
- painting about scenes of optics and modern people
- life becomes much more rational
- class division (2nd painting)
11. DEGAS, absinthe drinker
- modern world is so crap you have to drown yourself in free time
- things are cropped out
= direct influence of photog.
= changed poss. of painting, it followed and reacted
12. KAISERPANORAMA 1883
- mass optical viewing device
- look at slides of art, photos of landscapes, 'what the butler saw' soft porn
- represents people being prepared to pay, sedate, still, look at landscapes etc rather than go out and see it for themselves
- fetish, barrier
13. MAX NORDEAU DEGENERATION 1892
- anti modernist
14. invention of cinema LUMIERE BROTHERS
- radical
- impact of new tech,
15. modernism emerges out of the subjective responses of artists/designers to modernity
16. MODERNISM IN DESIGN
- anti-historicism (never looks back, new is better)
- truth to materials, letting materials speak for themselves
- form follows function (supposed to adhere to this, the aesthetic is secondary to how the design works)
- technology
- internationalism
17. BAUHAUS
- cutlery
- "ORNAMENT IS CRIME" Adolf Loos 1908
18. INTERNATIONALISM
-language of design recognised and understood by everyone
- la Corbusier 'Plan Voisin' 1927
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